Evolution of multiple target?site resistance mechanisms in individual plants of glyphosate?resistant <scp> <i>Eleusine indica</i> </scp> from <scp>China</scp>

BACKGROUND Glyphosate has been used for weed control in South China various situations four decades, and most Eleusine indica populations are suspected to have evolved resistance glyphosate. This research investigated underling target-site glyphosate mechanisms six field-collected, putative glyphosate-resistant (R) E. populations. RESULTS The R were confirmed be low (1.8 2.6-fold) moderately (5.6- 8.4-fold) resistant relative the susceptible (S) population. Sixty-seven glyphosate-surviving plants from examine mechanisms. Target-site 5-enolpyruvylshikimate3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) overexpression (OE) (plus further induction by treatment) gene copy number variation (CNV) occurred 94% plants, among them, 16% had P106A mutation 49% heterozygous double TIPS (T102I + P106S) P381L). In addition, a of (6%) only homologous P381L) mutation. (CT)6 insertion EPSPS 5†-UTR always associates with OE CNV. Progeny possessing OE/CNV (and P106A) displayed level (up 4.5-fold) resistance. contrast, homozygous higher (25-fold) followed this plus (12-fold). CONCLUSIONS is common prevalence OE/induction/CNV conferring Individual acquiring both favored due evolutionary advantages. role CNV worth investigation. © 2021 Society Chemical Industry.